Astronomy [Book]

1. Introduction
   1. Introduction to the Universe[beta]
   2. A Tour of the Universe[beta]
   3. The Scale of the Universe[beta]
   4. The Universe on the Large Scale[beta]
   5. The Universe of the Very Small[beta]
   6. The Universe as a Power Generator[beta]
   7. Life Story of the Universe[beta]
   8. A Conclusion and a Beginning[beta]
2. Chapter II — The Birth of Astronomy
   1. Observing the Stars — The Birth of Astronomy[beta]
   2. Understanding The Sky Above[beta]
   3. Ancient Astronomy[beta]
   4. How do we know the Earth is round? [Astronomy Basics][beta]
   5. The Relationship Between Astronomy and Astrology[beta]
   6. The Birth of Modern Astronomy[beta]
   7. The Birth of Astronomy — Problem Set [Solved][OpenStax]
3. Chapter III — Orbits and Gravity
   1. Chapter III — Orbits and Gravity[beta]
   2. The Laws of Planetary Motion [beta]
      1. #The Tycho Brahe Observatory
      2. #A Young Johannes Kepler
      3. #The First Two Laws of Planetary Motion
         • ##Kepler’s First Law
         • ##Kepler’s Second Law
         • ##Kepler’s Third Law
      4. #Kepler’s Three Laws of Planetary Motion
      5. #Planetary Motion Problems
   3. [3.2] Newton’s Great Synthesis[OpenStax]
   4. [3.3] Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation[OpenStax]
   5. [3.4] Orbits in the Solar System[OpenStax]
   6. [3.5] Motions of Satellite and Spacecraft[OpenStax]
   7. [3.6] Gravity with More Than Two Bodies[OpenStax]
   8. Orbits and Gravity — Key Terms, Summary, Further Reading[OpenStax]
   9. Orbits and Gravity — Problem Set [Solved]
4. Chapter IV — Earth, Moon and Sky
   1. Chapter IV — Earth, Moon, and Sky[OpenStax]
   2. [4.1] Earth and Sky[OpenStax]
   3. [4.2] The Seasons[OpenStax]
   4. [4.3] Keeping Time[OpenStax]
   5. [4.4] The Calendar[OpenStax]
   6. [4.5] Phases and Motions of the Moon[OpenStax]
   7. [4.6] Ocean Tides and the Moon[OpenStax]
   8. [4.7] Eclipses of the Sun and Moon[OpenStax]
   9. Earth, Moon, and Sky — Key Terms, Summary, and Further Reading[OpenStax]
   10. Earth, Moon and Sky — Problem Set [Solved]
5. Chapter V — Radiation and Spectra
   1. Chapter V — Radiation and Spectra[OpenStax]
   2. Light and Spectra — Key Terms, Summary, Further Reading[OpenStax]
   3. Light and Spectra — Problem Set [Solved]
6. Light
   1. The Electromagnetic Spectrum
   2. The Discovery of the Electromagnetic Spectrum
   3. The Visible Spectrum
   4. William Herchel’s Discovery of Infrared Light
   5. Spectroscopy
   6. Anders Jonas Angstrom
   7. The Angstrom Unit of Physics and Chemistry
7. Gravity
   • The Difference Between Mass and Weight
   • Weight On Other Worlds
   • Your Weight on the Moon
   • Your Weight on Mars
   • Earth Mass (M_🜨) [5.972 x 10²⁴ kg]
   • The Radius of the Earth [6378 km]
8. The Solar System
   • The Solar System
   • Heliopause :: Where The Sun Ends And Interstellar Space Begins
   • The Diameter of the Solar System
9. Stars
   • Star Brightness
   • The Messier Catalogue
10. Galaxies
    • Galaxy
    • What Is A Galaxy?
    • The Four Main Types of Galaxy
11. Black Holes
    • Black Hole Accretion Disc
12. Astronomical Instruments
    • Telescopes
    • Optical Telescopes
13. Appendix
    • Astronomy Basics
      • How do we know the Earth is round? [beta]
14. Appendix II — Cosmic Objects, Constellations
    • Constellations
      • Aquila Constellation
    • Galaxies
      • HD1 (galaxy)
      • Holmberg 15A <Holmberg 15A>
    • Neutron Stars (Pulsars)
      • Hulse-Taylor Binary [PSR B1913+16]
      • PSR J0348+0432 [Neutron Star:Pulsar]
    • Black Holes
      • Super-Massive Black Hole’s (SMBH’s)
        • Holmberg 15A*
      • Black Hole Accretion Disk

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